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Interviewer: Can you die of a broken heart? We're with Dr. John Ryan, a director of the dyspnea clinic here at the University of Utah.
I'm curious. You hear people talk about, "I've got a broken heart." I'm talking about in the romantic state, not those that are not functioning. Is there such a thing as a broken heart?
Causes and Symptoms of Broken Heart Syndrome
Dr. Ryan: There is. Yeah. It's referred to as broken heart syndrome. This is an entity where in the setting of severe emotional trauma such as the death of a loved one, divorce, or loss of a dog. Folks can experience incredible chest pains, shortness of breath, and fatigue. They can be presented to the emergency department and have all the signs and symptoms of a heart attack. And then we take them to the cardiac catheterization lab to see if they've had a heart attack. Lo and behold, all their blood vessels are widely opened, and as it turns out, they've had a severe adrenaline surge from the emotional stress that they've been exposed to. Their heart has severely decreased in function from that.
However, you've got to remember that it is an uncommon cause of decreased heart function. The most common reasons for decreased heart function are still heart attacks, high blood pressure, and hereditary components. But it is definitely a well-described entity.
Broken Heart Syndrome vs Heart Attack
Interviewer: So is it just like a heart attack then? I mean, as far as how it could affect you?
Dr. Ryan: Yeah. So it presents just like a heart attack, and it can affect you just like a heart attack. The medicines you use are the same and then obviously emotional counseling in order to try and better cope with whatever emotional tumult has resulted in this Broken Heart Syndrome. The other thing, of course, is that emotional trauma can also trigger regular, true-blue heart attacks, and that's well-described, too. So it is important to try and differentiate the two being relatively similar.
Broken Heart Syndrome Diagnosis and Treatment
Interviewer: As a physician, is there any way of determining the difference between the two without actually going into the cardiac lab?
Dr. Ryan: No. Unfortunately not. And also in terms of the fully blocked arteries, when the large arteries are blocked, time is muscle in that regard. So you don't really have the luxury to decide, "Well, maybe it's an emotional trauma resulting in blockages of small vessels or maybe it's the big vessel." Ultimately, you need to go to the cardiac catheterization lab as soon as possible.
Emotional Trauma and Heart ÐÇ¿Õ´«Ã½
Broken heart syndrome in that regard is a diagnosis of exclusion once you rule out the more sinister, immediately life-threatening form. As I said, that's oftentimes when the history is more apparent that recently their husband of 50 years just passed or they lost their dog, and so on.
Interviewer: Could that differ from person to person when you have two people and both of their husbands?
Dr. Ryan: Yeah. It all depends on what you perceive as emotional trauma.
Interviewer: So it's actually kind of a head thing at that point?
Dr. Ryan: It is. Yeah. Many people refer to it as a neurocardiac syndrome or cranial cardiac is another term people use because, again, it depends on how you react to whatever emotional trauma you have been exposed to.
Preventing Broken Heart Syndrome and Coping Strategies
Interviewer: Is there something you can do to help lessen your chances of a broken heart?
Dr. Ryan: Yeah. Yeah. Aside from not attaching yourself too much to your dog, there's really very little that can be done until after the fact. And then obviously, you take the medicines and you engage in the emotional counseling.
Interviewer: So it sounds like this heart attack is actually caused more by the brain than by the actual failure of the heart?
Dr. Ryan: Yeah. So their hearts prior to the event are normally functioning. Their coronary arteries are normal, and the upshot is, is that after the event, everything can come back to normal. Then once the medicines are on board and once the emotional counseling is on board, everything can come back to normal. Oftentimes, it does not end up with long-term deleterious consequences from this.
Interviewer: Isn't that amazing to you that the brain can actually cause the heart to fail?
Dr. Ryan: It is. It is, and it isn't because, obviously, most of what we do, the brain also trains us to succeed. So when you're obviously engaged in a severe competitive event such as the international Olympics or even your pick-up soccer league, obviously your performance is oftentimes improved by the fact that you are under stress and you take it seriously. It improves your cardiac function in that regard. So just the same way that it can help you, obviously there's the opposite side of things as well. Emotional trauma can hinder you.
updated: February 8, 2024
originally published: January 30, 2014
7 Questions for a Cardiologist
On this episode of Seven Questions for a Specialist, cardiologist John Ryan, MD, answers what he thinks is the best—and worst—thing you can do for your heart, why he chose to specialize in cardiology, and what advancements he's most excited about in the field of cardiology.
